Scams Targeting Older Adults

Scammers deliberately target older adults: they may have retirement savings, own their homes, and were raised to be polite on the phone. The FBI and the Federal Trade Commission receive hundreds of thousands of fraud reports from older Americans every year. Understanding the common scripts — and the one rule that defeats most of them — is the best protection.

The Most Common Scripts

Government Impostor Scams

“You owe back taxes.” “Your Social Security number is suspended.” “There’s a warrant for your arrest.” Callers pose as the IRS, Social Security Administration, or Medicare. Reality check: government agencies communicate by mail first, never demand gift cards or wire transfers, and never threaten immediate arrest by phone.

The Grandparent Scam

A tearful voice calls — “Grandma, it’s me” — followed by a story of trouble and a plea for secrecy. Scammers harvest family details from social media to sound convincing. The defense is simple: hang up, then call your grandchild or their parents on a number you already know.

Romance Scams

A new online friend or romantic interest, often met on social media or a dating site, gradually asks for money — for a medical emergency, a business crisis, or travel to finally meet. These scams can run for months and devastate victims emotionally as well as financially.

Tech Support Scams

A pop-up or call warns that your computer has a virus; the “technician” requests remote access and payment. Legitimate companies do not cold-call about viruses. If a pop-up locks your screen, shut down the browser — do not call the number on the screen.

Sweepstakes and Lottery Scams

“You’ve won! Just pay the taxes and fees first.” Real lotteries deduct taxes from winnings; they never require upfront payment to collect a prize.

Why Older Adults Are Targeted — and Why It Is Not Their Fault

Scammers are professionals running tested psychological scripts: urgency, authority, secrecy, and emotion. Falling for one reflects the scammer’s skill, not the victim’s intelligence. Shame keeps many victims silent, which is exactly what scammers count on. If it happened to you or someone you love, reporting it is an act of strength — it creates the data law enforcement uses to track these operations.

Practical Protections

  • Screen calls. Let unknown numbers go to voicemail. A legitimate caller will leave a message.
  • Set up a code word with grandchildren and close family for emergency calls.
  • Talk about scams openly. Family conversations about fraud are one of the strongest proven defenses.
  • Consider call-blocking tools from your phone carrier.
  • Check credit reports annually at annualcreditreport.com, and consider a credit freeze — it is free and does not affect your credit score.

Explore Elder Financial Abuse Resources

Continue learning with our plain-language guides, or browse related legal topics for seniors and their families.

Explore Elder Financial Abuse Resources

LegalHelpForSenior.com is not a law firm and does not provide legal advice.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the one rule that stops most scams?
Never send money, gift cards, wire transfers, or cryptocurrency to someone who contacted you unexpectedly — no matter how urgent they sound or who they claim to be. Legitimate organizations do not demand payment this way. When in doubt, hang up and call the organization back on a number you find yourself.
What is the grandparent scam?
A caller pretends to be a grandchild (or a lawyer or police officer calling about one) in trouble — arrested, in a car accident abroad — and urgently needs money wired. The scammer begs the grandparent not to tell anyone. Always verify through a separate, known phone number before acting.
Where do I report a scam?
Report to the Federal Trade Commission at reportfraud.ftc.gov, to the FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (ic3.gov) for online fraud, and to your local police. If money was sent, also contact your bank immediately — fast action sometimes allows transfers to be reversed.
Can lost money be recovered?
Sometimes, but rarely in full. Banks can occasionally reverse recent wire transfers; gift cards and cryptocurrency are nearly always unrecoverable. This is why prevention matters far more than recovery — and why reporting helps protect others even when your own money is gone.
How can someone find legal help for an elderly parent?
Common starting points include the state bar association's lawyer referral service, local legal aid organizations, and the Area Agency on Aging or state department of aging, which can often point to senior-focused legal services. When you contact a lawyer, ask about their experience with the specific issue, how fees work, and what documents to bring to a first meeting.

Sources & Further Reading

These are official or established sources you can use to verify the information above. External links open in a new tab.

Federal Trade Commission

Report Fraud

Official FTC portal for reporting scams and fraud.

External links do not imply endorsement.

Federal Bureau of Investigation

Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3)

FBI portal for reporting internet-enabled crime, including elder fraud.

External links do not imply endorsement.

Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Pass It On — Fraud Prevention

CFPB resources on scams targeting older adults and how to talk about them.

External links do not imply endorsement.

About this page

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Published: September 26, 2026

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